Research
The GRIFFIN lab is led by Professor Kyri Baker of the Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering Department at the University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder). Our research topics include:
- Power systems operation, control, and planning
- Renewable energy integration
- Building-to-grid interactions
- Machine learning for energy systems
- Water-energy nexus studies
- Stochastic and distributed optimization techniques with energy applications
- Energy sustainability and resiliency
For publications before 2016 and preprints, see CV or Google Scholar.
Where open-source code is available that is linked to a publication, the [Code] link will be shown. Please cite the corresponding paper if you use any of the provided code.
Peer-Reviewed Publications
2024
Priyadarshan, N. Pergantis, C. Crozier, K. Baker, and K. Kircher, "EDGIE: A simulation test-bed for investigating the impacts of building and vehicle electrification on distribution grids," Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), accepted, 2024. [Code]
2023
M.H. Dinh, F. Fioretto, M. Mohammadian, and K. Baker, "An Analysis of the Reliability of AC Optimal Power Flow Deep Learning Proxies," Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Latin America, (ISGT-LA), accepted, 2023.
A. Pigott, K. Baertlein, and K. Baker, "Optimizing Solar Panel Placement through Passive Architectural Design," ASCE Journal of Architectural Engineering, accepted, 2023.
C. Crozier, A. Pigott, and K. Baker "Price Perturbations for Privacy Preserving Demand Response with Distribution Network Awareness," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid , accepted, 2023.
J. Hurtt and K. Baker, "Modeling of a Clean Hybrid Energy System Considering Practical Limitations for Techno-Economic Energy Analysis," IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 2023.
M. Mohammadian, K. Baker, and F. Fioretto, "Gradient-Enhanced Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Power Systems Operational Support," Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 223, Oct. 2023.
T. Shmaya, M. Housh, F. Pecci, K. Baker, J. Kasprzyk; and A. Ostfeld, "Conjunctive Optimal Operation of Power and Water Networks," World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, 2023.
F. Fachini, A. Pigott, G. Laera, T. Bogodorova, L. Vanfretti, K. Baker, "Developing a Campus Microgrid Model utilizing Modelica and the OpenIPSL Library," 11th Workshop on Modelling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (MSCPES), 2023.
K. Baertlein, A. Pyle, and K. Baker, "Techno-Economic Analysis of Electrified Ethylene Plant Operation under Receding Horizon Control," 2023 IEEE Kansas Power and Energy Conference (KPEC), 2023.
C. Winner, J. Garland, C. Crozier, and K. Baker, "Carbon Emissions Resulting from Different Power Flow Models for Dispatch," IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2023.
D. S. Mallapragada, Y. Dvorkin, M. Modestino, D. V. Esposito, W. Smith, B-M. Hodge, M. P. Harold, V. M. Donnelly, A. Nuz, C. Bloomquist, K. Baker, L. C. Grabow, Y. Yan, N. N. Rajput, R. Hartman, E. J. Biddinger, E. Aydil, and A. Taylor, "Decarbonization of the Chemical Industry through Electrification: Barriers and Opportunities," Joule, Volume 7, Issue 1, Pages 23-41, 18 January 2023.
2022
C. Crozier and K. Baker, "The Effect of Renewable Electricity Generation on the Value of Cross-border Interconnection," Applied Energy, Volume 324, 119717, Oct. 2022.
K. Baker, "Emulating AC OPF solvers with Neural Networks," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems (Letters), vol. 37, no. 6, Nov. 2022.
S. Stroessner, R. Lucero, J. Kravits, A. Russell, S. Johannes, K. Baker, J. Kasprzyk, and Z. Popovic, "Power Amplifier Design Using Interactive Multi-Objective Visualization," European Microwave Week (EuMW), 2022.
A. Allen, G. Henze, K. Baker, G. Pavlak, and M. Murphy, "An optimization framework for the network design of advanced district thermal energy systems," Energy Conversion and Management 2022.
A. Pigott, C. Crozier, K. Baker, and Z. Nagy, "GridLearn: Multiagent Reinforcement Learning for Grid-Aware Building Energy Management," Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 213, Dec. 2022. [Code]
C. Crozier, A. Pigott, and K. Baker, "Spatial Arbitrage through Bidirectional Electric Vehicle Charging," IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2022.
M. Yi, Y. Du, J. Mohammadi, C. Crozier, K. Baker, and S. Kar, "Numerical Comparisons of Linear Power Flow Approximations: Optimality, Feasibility, and Computation Time," IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2022.
C. Crozier, K. Baker, Y. Du, J. Mohammadi, and M. Li, "Data-driven Contingency Selection for Fast Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow," 17th International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems (PMAPS), 2022.
M. Mohammadian, K. Baker, M. H Dinh, and F. Fioretto, Learning Solutions for Intertemporal Power Systems Optimization with Recurrent Neural Networks," 17th International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems (PMAPS), 2022.
C. Crozier, K. Baker, and B. Toomey, "Feasible Region-Based Heuristics for Optimal Transmission Switching," Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, 2022.
C. Crozier and K. Baker, "Data-driven Probabilistic Constraint Elimination for Accelerated Optimal Power Flow," IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2022.
J. Kravits, K. Baker, J. Kasprzyk, and A. Stillwell, "Assessing Trade-offs Between Water, Emissions, and Cost in Multi-objective Optimal Power Flow," IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2022. [Code]
J. Kravits, J. Kasprzyk, K. Baker, and A. Stillwell, "Incorporating thermoelectric power plant water use into multi-objective optimal power flow," Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability, 2022. [Code]
A. Pigott, K. Baker, S. A. Dorado-Rojas, and L. Vanfretti "Dymola-Enabled Reinforcement Learning for Real-time Generator Set-point Optimization," IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference, 2022.
T. Joswig-Jones, K. Baker, and A. Zamzam, "OPF-Learn: An Open-Source Framework for Creating Representative AC Optimal Power Flow Datasets," IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference, 2022. [Code/Data]
2021
K. Baker, "Solutions of DC OPF are Never AC Feasible", ACM e-Energy, 2021.
Note: An error appeared in the published version of this paper (Section 4.2 in the original paper). This section has been omitted from the paper linked here.
B. Chen, P. Donti, K. Baker, Z. Kolter, and M. Berges, "Enforcing Policy Feasibility Constraints through Differentiable Projection for Energy Optimization," ACM e-Energy, [Best Paper Runner-up], 2021. [Code]
J. Kravits, J. Kasprzyk, K. Baker, and K. Andreadis, "Screening Tool for Dam Hazard Potential Classification Using Machine Learning and Multi-Objective Parameter Tuning," Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, vol. 147, no. 10, 2021. [Code]
J. Hurtt and K. Baker, "Minimum Battery Energy Storage System Sizing Integrated with a Photovoltaic Plant Considering Practical Limitations," IEEE PowerTech, Madrid, Spain, 2021.
A. Pigott, K. Baker, and C. Mosiman, "Deep Q-Learning for Aggregator Price Design," IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2021. [Code]
C. Crozier and K. Baker, "Optimal Sizing of an Energy Storage Portfolio Considering Multiple Timescales," IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2021.
J. Kravits, K. Baker, and J. Kasprzyk, "Multi-Objective Optimal Power Flow Considering Emissions and Voltage Violations," IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2021. [Code]
D. Biagioni, P. Graf, X. Zhang, A. Zamzam, K. Baker, and J. King, "Learning-Accelerated ADMM for Distributed DC Optimal Power Flow," IEEE Control Systems Letters, vol. 6, 2021.
J. Hurtt and K. Baker, "Sensitivity Analysis of Photovoltaic System Design Parameters to Passively Mitigate Ramp Rates, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, vol. 11, no. 2, Mar. 2021.
J. Chin, K. Baker, and G. Hug, "Consumer privacy protection using flexible thermal loads: Theoretical limits and practical considerations", in Applied Energy, vol. 281, Jan. 2021.
2020
H. Hava, L. Zhou, C. Mehlenbeck, E. Lombardi, A. King, K. Baker, A. Kaufman, and N. Correll, "SIRONA: Sustainable Integration of Regenerative Outer-space Nature and Agriculture. Part 2 - Design Development and Projected Performance," Acta Astronautica, in press, 2020.
S. Kim, K. Baker, and J. Kasprzyk, "Operational Revenue Insufficiency in Highly Renewable DC and AC-based LMP Markets," 52nd North American Power Symposium, 2020.
Y. Fu, X. Han, K. Baker, and W. Zuo, "Assessments of Data Centers for Provision of Frequency Regulation," Applied Energy, vol. 277, Nov. 2020.
A. Allen, G. Henze, K. Baker, and G. Pavlak, "Evaluation of Low-Exergy Heating and Cooling Systems and Topology Optimization for Deep Energy Savings at the Urban District Level," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 222, Oct. 2020.
S. Chakraborty, R. Verzijlbergh, K. Baker, M. Cvetkovic, L. de Vries, and Z. Lukszo, "A Coordination Mechanism for Reducing Price Spikes in Distribution Grids," Energies, Special Issue on Flexibility in Distribution Systems from EVs and Batteries, Vol. 13, No. 10, May 2020.
J. Wang, K. Garifi, K. Baker, W. Zuo, and Y. Zhang, "Optimal Operation for Resilient Communities through a Hierarchical Load Scheduling Framework," 2020 Building Performance Analysis Conference and SimBuild, Chicago, IL, 2020.
K. Gari fi, K. Baker, D. Christensen, and B. Touri, "Convex Relaxation of Grid-Connected Energy Storage System Models with Complementarity Constraints in DC OPF," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 4070 - 4079, Sept. 2020.
K. Gari fi and K. Baker, "Considering Integer Chance Constraints for Enforcing Flexible Line Flow Ratings," American Control Conference, Denver, CO, 2020.
B. Kreiger, K. Baker, and W.V. Srubar, "Quantifying Grid Interaction Capabilities of Dynamic Building Envelopes," ASHRAE Annual Conference, Austin, TX, 2020.
Y. Fu, W. Zuo, and K. Baker, "Multi-market Optimization of a Data Center without Storage Systems," The American Modelica Conference, Boulder, CO, 2020.
2019
Y. Guo, K. Baker, E. Dall'Anese, Z. Hu, and T.H. Summers, "Data-based distributionally robust stochastic optimal power flow, Part I: Methodologies," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 34, No. 2, Mar. 2019. [Best Paper Award]
Y. Guo, K. Baker, E. Dall'Anese, Z. Hu, and T.H. Summers, "Data-based distributionally robust stochastic optimal power flow, Part II: Case Studies," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 34, No. 2, Mar. 2019. [Best Paper Award]
K. Baker, "Learning Warm-Start Points for AC Optimal Power Flow," IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning for Signal Processing, Pittsburgh, PA, 2019.
H. Hava, L. Zhou, E. Lombardi, K. Cui, H. Joung, S. Manzano, A. King, H. Kinlaw, K. Baker, A. Kaufman, and N. Correll, "SIRONA: Sustainable Integration of Regenerative Outer-space Nature and Agriculture," International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES), Boston, MA, 2019.
S. Chakraborty, M. Cvetkovic, K. Baker, R. Verzijlbergh, and Z. Lukszo, "Consumer Hedging Against Price Volatility Under Uncertainty," IEEE PES PowerTech, Milan, Italy, 2019.
K. Gari fi, K. Baker, D. Christensen, and B. Touri, "Stochastic Home Energy Management Systems with Varying Controllable Resources," IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Atlanta, GA, 2019.
S. Chakraborty, K. Baker, M. Cvetkovic, R. Verzijlbergh, and Z. Lukszo, "Directly Constraining Marginal Prices in Distribution Grids Using Demand-Side Flexibility," IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting [Best Paper Finalist], Atlanta, GA, 2019.
S. Chakraborty, R. Verzijlbergh, M. Cvetkovic, K. Baker and Z. Lukszo, "The Role of Demand-Side Flexibility in Hedging Electricity Price Volatility in Distribution Grids," IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference, Washington DC, 2019.
2018
K. Garifi, K. Baker, B. Touri, and D. Christensen, "Stochastic Model Predictive Control for Demand Response in a Home Energy Management System," IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Portland, OR, 2018.
K. Baker and K. Garifi, "Power Signature Obfuscation using Flexible Building Loads," 4th International Workshop on Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring, [Best Paper Award Honorable Mention], Austin, TX, 2018.
Y. Guo, K. Baker, E. Dall'Anese, Z. Hu, and T.H. Summers, "Stochastic optimal power flow based on data-driven distributionally robust optimization," American Controls Conference, Milwaukee, WI, 2018.
K. Baker and A. Bernstein, "Joint Chance Constraints Reductions through Learning in Active Distribution Networks," IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP), Anaheim, CA, 2018.
N. Glascock, B. Huber, C. Cantrall, W. Evonosky, E. Robinson, B. Dharmadasa, and K. Baker, "MAFSA: Mars Autonomous and Foldable Solar Array," New Space, Vol. 6, No. 4, Dec. 2018.
2017
E. Dall'Anese, K. Baker, and T.H. Summers, "Chance-Constrained AC Optimal Power Flow for Distribution Systems with Renewables," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 32, No. 5, pp 3427-3438, Sep 2017.
K. Baker and B. Toomey, "Efficient Relaxations for Joint Chance-Constrained AC OPF," Electric Power Systems Research, 148 (2017), pp. 230-236.
K. Baker, G. Hug, and X. Li, "Energy Storage Sizing Taking into Account Wind Forecast Uncertainties and Receding Horizon Operation," IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 331-340, Jan 2017.
K. Baker, A. Bernstein, C. Zhao, and E. Dall'Anese, "Network-cognizant Design of Decentralized Volt/VAR Controllers," IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), Arlington, VA, 2017.
X. Jin, K. Baker, S. Isley, and D. Christensen, "User-Preference-Driven Multi-Objective Model Predictive Control of Residential Building Loads and Battery Storage for Demand Response," American Controls Conference, Seattle, WA, 2017.
X. Zhou, L. Chen, E. Dall'Anese, and K. Baker. "Incentive-Based Voltage Regulation in Distribution Networks," American Controls Conference, Seattle, WA, 2017.
E. Raszmann, K. Baker, Y. Shi, and D. Christensen, "Modeling Stationary Lithium-Ion Batteries for Optimization and Predictive Control," IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI), [Best Paper Award], Champaign, IL, 2017.
2016
K. Baker, X. Jin, D. Vaidhynathan, W. Jones, D. Christensen, B. Sparn, J. Woods, H. Sorensen, and M. Lunacek, "Short Paper: Frequency Regulation Services from Connected Residential Devices"", ACM BuildSys '16, Stanford, CA, Nov. 2016. [5 out of 68 Short Papers accepted (~7%)]
K. Baker, E. Dall'Anese, and T.H. Summers, "Distribution Agnostic Stochastic Optimal Power Flow for Distribution Grids", IEEE North American Power Symposium (NAPS), Denver, CO, Sept. 2016.
E. Dall'Anese, K. Baker, and T.H. Summers, "Adaptive Optimal Power Flow for Distribution Systems under Uncertain Forecasts"", IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), Las Vegas, NV, Dec. 2016.
B. Palmintier, E. Hale, B.-M. Hodge, T. Hansen, and K. Baker, "Experiences integrating transmission and distribution simulations for DERs with the Integrated Grid Modeling System (IGMS)", Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC), Genoa, Italy, 2016.
F. Ding, B. Mather, N. Ainsworth, P. Gotseff, and K. Baker, "Locational Sensitivity Investigation on PV Hosting Capacity and Fast Track PV Screening," IEEE PES T&D, Dallas, TX, USA, 2016.
